What is Melanoma?
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes. It can appear anywhere on the skin but is most commonly found on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, back, and legs. In its early stages, melanoma often looks like an irregular mole or dark spot on the skin. If left untreated, it can invade deeper skin layers and spread to other parts of the body, including internal organs.
What Are the Causes of Melanoma?
The primary cause of melanoma is overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. This exposure can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to uncontrolled growth.
While anyone can develop melanoma, certain factors increase the risk, including:
- Fair skin with a history of sunburns.
- Excessive sun exposure or the use of tanning beds.
- Family history of melanoma.
- Having a large number of moles or atypical moles.
- Weakened immune system due to medications or medical conditions.
What Are the Symptoms of Melanoma?
Melanoma can appear in various forms, but the ABCDE rule helps in recognizing the warning signs:
- Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
- Border: The edges are irregular or blurred.
- Color: The mole has multiple colors or shades.
- Diameter: The mole is larger than 6mm (the size of a pencil eraser).
- Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or color over time.
Other symptoms can include new growths, changes in an existing mole, or sores that don’t heal. It is essential to consult a dermatologist if you notice any suspicious changes in your skin.
What Are the Possible Treatments?
At Metropolis Dermatology, treatments for melanoma are tailored to the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage melanomas are typically treated with surgical excision, where the cancerous tissue and some surrounding healthy tissue are removed.
For more advanced cases, other treatments may include:
- Biopsy to check if the melanoma has spread.
- Radiation therapy for shrinking tumors in advanced melanoma cases.
- Targeted therapies that focus on specific genetic mutations in melanoma cells.
FAQs
Is melanoma always caused by sun exposure?
While UV radiation is a significant factor, melanoma can develop in areas not exposed to the sun, such as the soles of the feet or under the nails.
How can I prevent melanoma?
Protect your skin by wearing sunscreen, avoiding tanning beds, and performing regular self-examinations for new or changing moles.
Is melanoma curable?
Yes, when detected early, melanoma can be effectively treated with surgery. However, the prognosis becomes more challenging as the cancer progresses.
How often should I get screened for melanoma?
Annual skin checks with a dermatologist are recommended, especially for individuals with higher risk factors.
What happens after melanoma treatment?
Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor for any recurrence or new melanomas.
Hear from
Real Patients
Schedule Your Consultation Today
If you suspect a suspicious mole or want to make sure your skin’s health, schedule a consultation with Metropolis Dermatology in San Jose, CA! Early detection and treatment are key to fighting melanoma.